Famine The Moral Code Of Ethics - 1181 Words

Famine is one of the most ongoing prominent problems facing the world currently. Today’s philosophers, Peter Singer and Onora O’Neill approach different methods from the moral code of ethics of Utilitarianism and Kantianism in face of famine. Severe food scarcity causes malnourishment and low stamina with no energy to pursue one’s aspirations of being more than just a statistic. In this paper, I will argue in favor of Onora O’Neill’s Kantian principles of justice and beneficence regarding our obligations during famine and to Peter Singer’s Utilitarian view, which should be considered an incorrect view of obligations to conquer famine. In regards to the topic of famine, O’Neill and Singer propose dissimilar perspectives. O’Neill says, â€Å"He or she would not be obligated to help the starving, even if no others were equally distressed† (540). While Singer says, â€Å"†¦it is not beyond the capacity of the richer nat ions to give enough assistance to reduce any further suffering to very small proportions. The decisions and actions of human beings can prevent this kind of suffering† (495). While it is extremely kind to continuously contribute help to others in need, whether it involves volunteering or submitting payments, a person should not be required to give until their own welfare becomes in danger. Singer classifies these people as immoral because if one is able to prevent bad happenings, they should basically give up their funds unselfishly in order to create the maximum amountShow MoreRelatedEssay on Literary Analysis: Some Moral Minima866 Words   |  4 PagesIn â€Å"Some Moral Minima,† Goodman states, â€Å"if it is true that no norm can be made unless some other is compromised, and are there no rules to tell us that principles are principles – no norms delineating concretely, and uncompromisingly, wrong from right?† (Goodman, 2010, p. 87) Every society has customs and traits that make them distinctive to which each of these customs belong to people. Cultures and societies all have different moral standards. Lenn E. Goodman, states that we as humans andRead MoreEssay Famine Relief1825 Words   |  8 Pagesto prevent the famine crisis in the Horn of Africa since July 2011, Suzanne Dvorak the chief executive of Save the Children wrote that, â€Å"We need to provide help now. 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What Everybody Dislikes About Essay Samples to Get into Masters Programsw and Why

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A Dolls House Context Essay Example For Students

A Dolls House Context Essay Ibsens A Dolls House was written in a time when theatre was changing, and Ibsen was one of the creators of this new style of writing. Henrik Ibsen was born in Norway in 1828. During Ibsens childhood his father encountered many financial difficulties and in 1835 the family was forced to move because their property was seized for payment of debts. Ibsen had an unhappy childhood due to rumours that Knud Ibsen was not his father, and despite the physical resemblance Ibsen believed these rumours to be true. Ibsen moved away from his parents in 1844 and during his early adult years Ibsen befriended members of the socialist movement and a left wing politician. This then led him to write for a radical magazine, where police raided the offices. Two of his co-workers were imprisoned for three years but Ibsen didnt speak out. Before A Dolls House Ibsen wrote many plays, but up until 1864 most were unsuccessful but he made his break when he started writing plays designed to be read, the first of which was Brand. This play created an immediate sensation and established Ibsens reputation in Scandinavia. In 1869 Ibsens A League of Youth was performed at the Christiana Theatre, it caused controversy because of its characterisation of progressive personalities. One of the characters complains: You dressed me up like a doll; you played with me as one plays with a child. In George Brandes review he suggested such a character would make a good central figure to later work. A Dolls House was one of Ibsens plays written in his new style of naturalism, a departure from romanticism, the exaggeration of ideas and actions. Naturalism was Ibsens way of representing what was real; he used his plays to focus on key issues. By making his plotlines and characters as real as possible Ibsen felt that he could achieve this properly. Naturalism is represented in A Dolls House mainly through Nora, the main character in the play. Nora is a very realistic character and she expresses views and ideas similar to those that other women would express in the same situation. Ibsen also uses naturalism in A Dolls House through the way he focuses on a very controversial issue, and how he represents it realistically rather then watering it down as not to offend audiences, as romanticism does.. A Dolls House is a play that deals with many feminist issues and it was published around the time the first notions of suffragettes were beginning to arise. The suffragettes were officially formed in 1897 by Millicent Fawcett and under the name National Union of Womens Suffrage. However it was around the time of publication that the first ideas for such a group were arising. The suffragettes were a group of women campaigning for equal rights for all men and women. They worked towards this by protesting in ways such as chaining themselves to fences; setting fire to post boxes but possibly their most famous act was when Emily Davison threw herself under the Kings horse in the 1913 Derby. Although her aim was not to kill herself but to grab onto the bridle and this led to her death. This act didnt have the desired effect and all the public worried about was the health of the horse and jockey. A Dolls House deals with these issues through the character of Nora. She has spent her life being treated like a doll by the men in her life and she feels she has been suppressed and not allowed to speak out for herself. At the end of the play when Torvald discovers her secret, she expects him to be supportive but he is not and this leads Nora to leave him, saying she feels she doesnt know him, he is like a stranger and she cannot live with a stranger. In A Dolls House Nora has suffers many problems and faces several difficulties, most due to an act of forgery. In many ways Noras life echoes that of Laura Kieler. She was one of Ibsens friends and she lived the life that Nora led. .uc49bb5ca52cb73997854b1b41016fb57 , .uc49bb5ca52cb73997854b1b41016fb57 .postImageUrl , .uc49bb5ca52cb73997854b1b41016fb57 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uc49bb5ca52cb73997854b1b41016fb57 , .uc49bb5ca52cb73997854b1b41016fb57:hover , .uc49bb5ca52cb73997854b1b41016fb57:visited , .uc49bb5ca52cb73997854b1b41016fb57:active { border:0!important; } .uc49bb5ca52cb73997854b1b41016fb57 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uc49bb5ca52cb73997854b1b41016fb57 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uc49bb5ca52cb73997854b1b41016fb57:active , .uc49bb5ca52cb73997854b1b41016fb57:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uc49bb5ca52cb73997854b1b41016fb57 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uc49bb5ca52cb73997854b1b41016fb57 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uc49bb5ca52cb73997854b1b41016fb57 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uc49bb5ca52cb73997854b1b41016fb57 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uc49bb5ca52cb73997854b1b41016fb57:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uc49bb5ca52cb73997854b1b41016fb57 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uc49bb5ca52cb73997854b1b41016fb57 .uc49bb5ca52cb73997854b1b41016fb57-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uc49bb5ca52cb73997854b1b41016fb57:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Gothic Horror EssayShe borrowed money to save her husband and committed forgery when in debt to ensure he could be saved. Then when found out he declared he wanted a divorce, similar to Torvalds saying he is angry and ashamed at her. However, different to Nora when her husband found out, Laura was committed to a mental asylum for speaking insane thoughts, when in fact she was stating the truth. , Also different to Nora, When Laura was released she went back to her husband rather then leaving to educate herself. I think that through this play Ibsen could be showing what he thought Laura shouldve one and what he thinks would have been better for her. There are other clear links to Laura in this play except the plotline, for example Lauras husband used to call her skylark, as Torvald does to Nora. Another link is the shared disease, Tuberculosis. Dr. Rank is suffering from Tuberculosis of the spine and it was Tuberculosis that Lauras husband had. This play was very controversial and radical at the time of its writing because it held the idea of women standing up to men and questioned whether men really are better then women, or whether they are equal. This is similar to Darwins theory on evolution. Darwin was a scientist born in 1809. He wrote about evolution and how he believed that all animals where not created by God but through evolution. This was a revolutionary idea at the time because such a theory had never been suggested before and it led to wide controversy, and his ideas were ridiculed my many Christians as they went against the bible. Before Darwins theories people lived in a male dominated society and most people were Christians. This lead to the ridicule of his theories because not only did it go against the bible, it also suggested females were equal to males, an idea that was lost in a patriarchal society. Darwin travelled around the world to try and find proof for this theory, including his famous trip to the Galapagos Islands. Through this research he proved that animals evolved to create other species. This is linked to A Dolls House because this idea meant women were not created from men, but separately. This in turn led to the idea that men were equal to women, and this is what Nora believed, and it was her husbands disbelief at this that caused her oppression and it was the idea that women arent equal to men that made him say Nora spoke like a little girl. This idea of evolution and survival of the fittest also linked in with the idea that you could determine your own future, something that Nora doesnt believe at the beginning of the play, but by the end she realises she can, and she does by leaving her husband. A Dolls house has a very interesting social context. It was published in 1879, A time in which society was very male dominated, and womens views were suppressed, however, A Dolls House has the central theme of female emancipation, as shown through the links to the suffragettes. Also interesting is the society at the time Ibsen wrote this. It was a society that was very brutal, where appearances are the main importance and not whats inside. From the outside the society looks good, affluent and agreeable, with servants waiting on you, and large rooms to celebrate Christmas and live a happy, middle-class life, but to those living the lifestyle, there is a heavy price to pay. People have to act, not as they would like, but as society would deem respectable and this respectability is a very superficial one, based on money, business and being average, conformant to societies rules. .u4d6c98415864fe0adba41ad8b7cbe2a0 , .u4d6c98415864fe0adba41ad8b7cbe2a0 .postImageUrl , .u4d6c98415864fe0adba41ad8b7cbe2a0 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u4d6c98415864fe0adba41ad8b7cbe2a0 , .u4d6c98415864fe0adba41ad8b7cbe2a0:hover , .u4d6c98415864fe0adba41ad8b7cbe2a0:visited , .u4d6c98415864fe0adba41ad8b7cbe2a0:active { border:0!important; } .u4d6c98415864fe0adba41ad8b7cbe2a0 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u4d6c98415864fe0adba41ad8b7cbe2a0 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u4d6c98415864fe0adba41ad8b7cbe2a0:active , .u4d6c98415864fe0adba41ad8b7cbe2a0:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u4d6c98415864fe0adba41ad8b7cbe2a0 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u4d6c98415864fe0adba41ad8b7cbe2a0 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u4d6c98415864fe0adba41ad8b7cbe2a0 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u4d6c98415864fe0adba41ad8b7cbe2a0 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u4d6c98415864fe0adba41ad8b7cbe2a0:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u4d6c98415864fe0adba41ad8b7cbe2a0 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u4d6c98415864fe0adba41ad8b7cbe2a0 .u4d6c98415864fe0adba41ad8b7cbe2a0-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u4d6c98415864fe0adba41ad8b7cbe2a0:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The Red Room by HG Wells EssayThis means that those that enter from outside the society are shunted and mistreated. This society is shown through A Dolls House in a variety of ways. Firstly we can see it through Noras initial treatment of Mrs. Linde-she does not recognise her, because she has aged so prematurely, from stress-something not found within the agreeable middle-class women, making her stand out. We also see this idea of superficiality at the end of the play, when Torvald discovers Noras secret. He says As regards our relationship we must appear to be living together just as before. Only appear, of course. This shows how Torvald views appearances so importantly, he wants Nora to remain there, purely so he wont be frowned upon by society as an outsider, even though he will know deep-down, thats what he will now be. In conclusion there are many different historical ideas and events that build a context, from which Ibsen wrote A Dolls House and their influences are clear in different ways throughout the play, and they help to give a clearer picture of how the characters are living, and the motivations behind their actions.

Sports And Agression Essay Example For Students

Sports And Agression Essay Sports and AggressionA Research PaperPresented to at In Partial Fulfillmentof the Requirements forEnglish 12AByPeriod 1March 27, 2000Do sports create aggressive behavior, or simply attract people who are already aggressive? Aggression and sport have gone together as long as sports have been around, be it the players themselves, to the parents, coaches, or spectators, they just seem to be an inseparable part of each other. The term violence is defined as physical assault based on total disregard for the well being of self and others, or the intent to injure another person ( 2. Coakley). Intimidation usually does not cause physical harm, but often is designed to produce psychological consequences, enabling one person to physically over power or dominate another. These statements as defined by the author, Jay J. Coakley, is what people today have made a must part on sport. Pleasure and participation sports absolutely cannot be grouped with power and performance sports when in relation to aggression. Pleasure sports are simply played for pleasure. Score is usually not kept. The athletes participating are usually on occasion doing it for fun and exercise. A majority of athletes who have been playing sports since they were little, have probably been pounded into their heads that to be successful in sport, you need to be aggressive, and at some times, unnecessary. We will write a custom essay on Sports And Agression specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Also that to get what you want, you have to go at it with all force. Not that this is wrong but, this attitude in today’s society has been a major problem factor to the athletes when they get older, to get into trouble with the law. Those long-term effects of so called discipline, patterns develops these destructive behaviors. (9. Montague) Although some people are still in belief that aggressive behaviors in all forms, are grounded into instincts, but they also relate these actions to sports. Their parents played, who were known for their aggressive behavior, so the child feels that they have to live up to that expectation.( 6. Storr) Athletes do have to be aggressive to a point, so that the team can form a strategy to win. There is also a limit to aggression when it turns into violence. People might say that it’s not aggression or violence, it’s just adrenaline pumping. Adrenaline isn’t even similar to violence. Aggression, maybe, but nothing that would be harmful to anyone else. This might be a factor to why contact sports are so popular. For example, football, hockey, rugby, wrestling, and boxing. Contrary to predictions of instinct theory, several studies show that contact sports exist and thrive in the same societies that have high rates of aggression and violence. Unfortunately, another belief is that contact sports teach discipline, self-respect, and self-defense. (8. May ) Contact sports aren’t a positive way to teach these things. Being physically tough helps, but it also needs to be left on the field when the game is over. This can also lead to the abuse of family, girlfriends, boyfriends, friends, and any other person who gets in their â€Å"way†, because athletes use these sports as a way to get their aggression and angers out. ( 10. Hauser, Powers, Noam ) Other’s might argue that it’s skill, and not in the least way violent. Although we really can’t give a straight and to the point answer to the question â€Å"Is aggression an Instinct?† We can say that in man, as in other animals, there exists a physiological mechanism, when stimulated, it rises both subjective feelings of anger and to physical changes, which relate to fighting. This is easily set off, and like other emotional responses, it is very stereotyped, and instinctive. Just like one person is like a very angry person; they resemble one another at the psychological level. The way in which humans adapt to and control their feelings of rage. ( 5. Toch) The mechanisms in which these body changes, the functions that come about is still completely misunderstood. ( 5. Toch) Experiments from animal’s show that it appears that there is a small area from the base of the brain in which the feeling of anger starts. This, from which is sent to the nervous impulses that cause the blood pressure to rise. This area is called the hypothalamus. Its function is to coordinate responses like anger. ( 3 Diamond) The relationship between anger, rage, and violence, and psychopathology that is abnormal, or unnatural in human behavior and experience. People demonstrate their anger reactions in different ways. Similar to most human behavior, violence has a meaning that it only seems â€Å"senseless† or â€Å"meaningless† to the extent that we are unable to understand it. Most violence starts the fiery human emotions of anger and rage. Not all violent behavior has its origins in anger and rage; some of it is learned, as mentioned before. Some violence is driven primarily by as Friedrich Nietzsche referred as â€Å"the will to power†. In other words, rage. ( 3. Diamond) Rage is an instinctual and defensive reaction to severe stress, or physical threat. This is an automatic reflex that people share with animals. This response to serious threat is referred to by Walter Cannon as the â€Å"fight or flight† response. .ueabd4fe9b5c84ec1d7df236909279717 , .ueabd4fe9b5c84ec1d7df236909279717 .postImageUrl , .ueabd4fe9b5c84ec1d7df236909279717 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ueabd4fe9b5c84ec1d7df236909279717 , .ueabd4fe9b5c84ec1d7df236909279717:hover , .ueabd4fe9b5c84ec1d7df236909279717:visited , .ueabd4fe9b5c84ec1d7df236909279717:active { border:0!important; } .ueabd4fe9b5c84ec1d7df236909279717 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ueabd4fe9b5c84ec1d7df236909279717 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ueabd4fe9b5c84ec1d7df236909279717:active , .ueabd4fe9b5c84ec1d7df236909279717:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ueabd4fe9b5c84ec1d7df236909279717 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ueabd4fe9b5c84ec1d7df236909279717 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ueabd4fe9b5c84ec1d7df236909279717 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ueabd4fe9b5c84ec1d7df236909279717 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ueabd4fe9b5c84ec1d7df236909279717:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ueabd4fe9b5c84ec1d7df236909279717 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ueabd4fe9b5c84ec1d7df236909279717 .ueabd4fe9b5c84ec1d7df236909279717-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ueabd4fe9b5c84ec1d7df236909279717:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Overview And History Of Lambada Dance Art Essay It’s the first defense for the survival of the species. Any other threat to the continued physical existence, a person would have the instinct to try to leave, or if they can’t, then physically defend them by attacking the source of the threat. ( 7 . Hawkins, Fredman ) Relating to the fact that men are more aggressive than women are, studies shown in several cases those testosterone levels in young men especially are. The high levels of endogenous testosterone seem to encourage behavior apparently intended to dominate, to enhance one’s status over other people. ( 9. Montague) Sometimes aggressive behavior is aggressive, it’s apparent intent being to inflict harm on another person, but often dominance is expressed nonaggressively. Measurement of testosterone at a single point in time presumably indicator of a man’s basal testosterone level, predicts many of these dominant behaviors. Numerous animal experiments, this one particular to rodents, show that raising testosterone increases aggressiveness. This is in relation to the dominance and antisocial behavior related to the individuals. An individual can be said to act dominantly if it’s apparent intent is to achieve or maintain high status, to obtain power influence, or valued prerogatives. Rodents do typically dominate aggressively, but it isn’t true of humans. Much of interpersonal behavior is overtly or subtly concerned with managing dominance and subordination without causing physical harm. It is harder to identify instances of aggression of a dominating motives, things related to religious sacrifices. It is understood that motivations are different from different situations for dominance and aggression. ( 1. Felson, Tedeschi) Clinical science assumes that all men are capable of bloody destructiveness. It maintains that image with most people who do away with their hatreds and, and although There are some instances where this effort fails. Some people are so shy about their aggressiveness that when they are provoked in the least little way, they become so violent that they are unbearable. Even a slight review of violent conduct suggests that violence isn’t blind, and random. Members of fighting gangs are frequently nonviolent when separated from their members. Many extremely dangerous people seem to specialize in certain areas of victims. This is in relation to taking the aggressiveness off the field. There is sometimes a relationship between being violent and being socially improper. Violence usually takes place in certain circles, certain settings, and on certain occasions. If violence is really blind and random, it’s hard to understand why we should find so much in specific situations. Does a man assault his wife rather than the athlete who messed up simply because she’s available? Violence can’t be associated with angry explosions. There is shape and form to violence. Patterns of destructiveness show consistently, and they relay from person to person. As for each of us, violence seems to be tied to a restricted range of life situations. It seems to reflect purpose, and implies the presence of hidden meanings. So, how do we satisfy it? How is it provoked? How do violent people function? (4. Stepansky) The level of testosterone circulating in the bloodstream may affect dominating or aggressive behavior by activating receptors in organs or the nervous system. Focusing on young males who have passed through puberty. There are associated reports that show a relatively high level of testosterone with dominant, aggressive, or antisocial actors including several studies of men in jail. The scientists found that no significant testosterone difference between those who fought in prison, and those who did not, between the ages of 18 to 35. However, prisoners with a prior record of violence and aggression related crimes, they had a significantly higher testosterone level than those without a history. In the age group of 18to 45, sorted into the same groups, those with chronic aggressive behavior, those socially dominant without physical aggressiveness, and those who were neither aggressive or dominant, their testosterone levels were not significantly different between the aggressive and dominant groups, but they also had significantly higher testosterone than the group that was either aggressive or dominant. (7. Hawkins, Fredman) A similar study was tested on college hockey players. ( 1. Felson , Tedeschi) They studied 14 male college players ages 18 to 23, and found a significant correlation between testosterone and coach ratings of player’s aggressiveness in respond to threat. Another study was done on four male physicians. Ranging from ages to 23 to 38, they were confined on a boat for a two week holidaycruise. The testosterone level to be correlated with the physician’s assertiveness and dominant behavior, as ranked by three women on the boat. Overall, there is considerable evidence from a variety of settings that in men, circulating testosterone is correlated with dominant or aggressive behavior, and antisocial norm breaking. Correlation doesn’t imply any reason, and the question is still being pondered, â€Å"Is high testosterone a cause of dominant and antisocial behavior?† ( 9. Montague) There has also been argument whether or not that women can be as aggressive and dominant as men. Despite considerable speculation that testosterone is associated with aggression or status in women, the literature is few and far between. Scientists report that testosterone levels in 55 women increased the status of their occupations. Another study was done with women who were patients in a neurological clinic, found significantly higher testosterone levels among relatively aggressive patients compared to less aggressive ones, but they also differed in diagnois, and making the comparison suspect. ( 5. .u57835c282f010961b0a292ac98ba887f , .u57835c282f010961b0a292ac98ba887f .postImageUrl , .u57835c282f010961b0a292ac98ba887f .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u57835c282f010961b0a292ac98ba887f , .u57835c282f010961b0a292ac98ba887f:hover , .u57835c282f010961b0a292ac98ba887f:visited , .u57835c282f010961b0a292ac98ba887f:active { border:0!important; } .u57835c282f010961b0a292ac98ba887f .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u57835c282f010961b0a292ac98ba887f { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u57835c282f010961b0a292ac98ba887f:active , .u57835c282f010961b0a292ac98ba887f:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u57835c282f010961b0a292ac98ba887f .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u57835c282f010961b0a292ac98ba887f .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u57835c282f010961b0a292ac98ba887f .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u57835c282f010961b0a292ac98ba887f .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u57835c282f010961b0a292ac98ba887f:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u57835c282f010961b0a292ac98ba887f .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u57835c282f010961b0a292ac98ba887f .u57835c282f010961b0a292ac98ba887f-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u57835c282f010961b0a292ac98ba887f:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Cultural Anthropology Essay Toch) The issue of sex differences has been addressed by asking how men and women respond to an identical competitive situation. Testosterone was given by saliva to young men and women before, during, and after competing with a same sex partner in a video game. The hormonal response to the competition was different in each sex. Males showed the usual pre – contest rise in testosterone, but females did not. Males did not show the usual result that testosterone levels of winners is higher than that of losers, apparently because the video game produced no mood difference between male winners and losers. A mood difference was produced between female winners and losers, but the female showed no specific response to the competition. These results show that the outcome of the competition on testosterone specific to men. (7. Hawkins, Fredman) From laboratory results and athletic studies, the testosterone level rises in men awaiting a contest, regardless of the eventual outcome contest. Generalizing to the street, hormone levels should be elevated in young men who are constantly against assaults on their reputations. Of course, testosterone level is also affected by the outcome of the contest, so persistent losers might be hormonally depressed, but most men, those with mixed outcome or better, should have elevated testosterone level. ( 3. Diamond) Leaving behind the historic roots of the South, there may be a general hypersensitivity to insult in any subculture that is, or once was organized around young men who are constantly constrained by traditional community agents of social control, as after occurs in frontier countries, gangs, among bohemians, and after social breakdown or natural diseases. When young men place special emphasis on protecting their images and reputations, and they are not restrained from doing so, dominance contests become necessary, the hallmark of male to male interaction. ( 5. Toch) To interpret racial differences in testosterone, a comparison of black and white boys ages 6 to 18 years, mostly preteens, showed no significant race different in testosterone. By adulthood, black males do have significantly higher testosterone levels than white males, possibly reflecting the higher defensive demands on black men during adulthood. ( 10. Hauser, Powers, Noam) The reciprocal linkage between hormones and behavior suggests that if testosterone levels among young men in the inner city are highlighted by their constant defensive posture against challenge and these high hormone levels in turn encourage further dominance contests. Feedback between challenge and testosterone may create a various circle, sometimes with lethal effects. (7. Hawkins, Fredman) During puberty, the effects of testosterone on behavior appear to work primarily through long term reorganizations of the body and neurohormanal system, and only secondary through short term activation. By the end of puberty, usually around 16 years, the body is nearly at it’s adult form so behavior is affected primarily by the level of testosterone circulating in the blood stream, which can activate steroid receptors. (10. Hauser, Powers, Noam) There is a string correlation and experimental evidence that testosterone levels respond in predictable ways both before and after competitions for status. First, testosterone rises shortly before a competitive event, as if anticipating the challenge. Second, after the conclusion of competition, testosterone levels in winners rises relative to that of losers. Testosterone also rises after status evaluations, and it falls after status demotions, These effects require the presence of appropriate mood changes. Limited evidence suggests that this pattern of testosterone responses is specific to men. ( 4. Stepansky) As these studies have suggested, aggression in sport is there, but the men mainly showcase it. Aggressive people are attracted to contact violent sport competitions, to where they can fit in while being violent. On the other hand, sports can create aggressive behaviors that could lead to worse things. Women can and will showcase this, but as said before, men show a stronger case of it. Things of this nature have been going on for centuries, every since the beginning of sport, unfortunately, if these behaviors aren’t controlled, the young children might be the ones to suffer by an outcome that nobody wants to see, doing away with sports in general. 1977 5. Violent Men; an inquiry into the pychology of violence, Hans Toch 1969 6. Human Aggression, Anthony Storr 19681. Aggression and Violence, social interactionists perspectives. , Richard B. Felson and James T. Tedeschi 1993 2. Sport in Society, Issues and Controversies 6th edition, Jay J. Coakley 1998 3. Anger, Madness, and the Daimaonic; the pyschologists genesis of Violence, evil and creativitiy. Stephen A. Diamond 1996 4. A History of Aggression Freud, Paul E. Stepansky 7. The Creation of Deviance, Interpersonal and organized determinants, Richard Hawkins, Gary Fredman, 1975 8. Power and Innocence, Rollo May 1972 9. Man and Aggression, Ashley Montague 1968 10. Adolescents and their Families , Paths of Ego Development, Stuart T. Hauser, Sally I. Powers, Gil G. Noam 1991 Sports and Games Essays

Eva Smiths death Essay Example

Eva Smiths death Essay Example Eva Smiths death Essay Eva Smiths death Essay By now the audience probably thinks that Mr Birling is the one guilty of Eva Smiths death, but in no time at all the Inspector is interrogating Sheila. This continues until every member of the family has been questioned. This creates suspense making the audience feel engrossed in the play, wondering at each stage, who is going to be involved next, and how. Priestley has actually reserved his biggest surprise for the last lines of the play. After the Inspector departure the tension of the play drops and we think the play is over. However, in the final denouement, there is a phone call announcing that a police Inspector is on his way to ask some questions about a girl who has just died in the infirmary. This is as disturbing as it is surprising and ensures that the audience will leave the auditorium in a state of real shock The Inspector is a very mysterious character, as we do not know much about him. The word Inspector suggests someone who looks closely at things, and this is his role in the events of the play. The name Goole sounds like ghoul someone with a morbid interest in death, a spirit that is said to take fresh life from corpses, and it is certainly arguable that the Inspectors existence is a result of Eva Smiths death. I think that Priestley has deliberately called the Inspector Goole to create an esoteric image and make the audience feel tense when they listen to the Inspector on stage. The audience feels fascinated by the Inspectors massiveness and purposefulness as he remains solid and unbroken while each character breaks down, and there is nothing the others can say to distract him from his purpose. An example of this is when the Inspector says:  (Sternly to the three of them.) And Ill be obliged if you let us get on without any further interruptions. The audience enjoy the play even more when the Inspector is shown as a greater character than Mr Birling. This is because we are disgusted by Mr Birlings ego and arrogance; and by seeing him being overpowered by the Inspector is quite hilarious. Priestley has created the Inspectors character like this so that the audience favours him and we take his side. He does not forgive what the Birlings have done, but when they freely admit their faults he allows them to see that they can find forgiveness through future good behaviour. His approach has been perhaps too abrasive, and he is clearly someone for whom social conventions count for nothing when weighed against the desire for truth and justice. Priestley has written a typical play that has a villain and a hero. Most of the audience would definitely like the hero, in this case the Inspector, whereas they would be against the villains, the members of the Birling family. The play is set in Edwardian times where society was strictly divided into social classes and over two-thirds of the nations wealth was in the hands of less than one percent of the population. Below the very rich were the middle classes. For example the doctors and merchants, shop workers and clerks. After this came the craftsmen and skilled workers. At the very bottom of the social ladder was the largest class of all the ordinary workers and the poor, many of whom lived below the poverty level. The men of industry treated the workers very badly and they were paid a pittance. This caused workers to become better organised and strikes were becoming more frequent as they demanded better conditions and higher pay. Priestley was writing the play for a middle class audience and was trying to speak up for the working class by showing how the Birlings and Gerald Croft were all involved in making a young working class girls life a misery. Priestley wants to show us that we have a responsibility to others to act fairly and without prejudice and that we do not live in isolation. He shows that our actions affect others when the Inspector says:  millions of Eva Smiths and John Smiths still left with us, with their lives, their hopes and fears, their suffering and chance of happiness, all intertwined with our lives and what we think and say and do. We have to confront our mistakes and learn from them. Through the Inspector acting as our conscience we are made aware that there are those in higher positions in society who have power yet abuse it. They take advantage of those weaker than themselves. Eva Smith was a working class girl trying to make a living. Through those in power she was used terribly, then when she was no longer of any use she was got rid of. JB Priestley wanted to show that this would continue to happen if society does not learn from these mistakes made. The audience feels sympathy towards Eva Smith and is curious to see if the Birlings have learnt from their mistake. Priestley has shown us how middle class people act in society and the way in which they regard lower citizens. He hopes we will realise how the younger generations are the ones who can change the society in which we live. He shows this when Mr and Mrs Birling learn nothing from their mistakes whereas Eric and Sheila do. The Inspector brings the play to a close, summarising Priestleys message when he says We dont live alone. We are members of one body. We are responsible for each other exactly the opposite to what we are told to believe by Mr Birling, that everybody should look after themselves. Priestley conveys his message well, showing us how the situation can be changed and who to depend on to change it.  I think the success and popularity of An Inspector Calls accounted for by the fact that it is very entertaining as there is a mixture of suspense and mystery but is also a play that conveys a moral message. This makes the play appeal to a widest possible audience especially the middlebrow.

Silicon Facts (Atomic Number 14 or Si)

Silicon Facts (Atomic Number 14 or Si) Silicon is a metalloid element with atomic number 14 and element symbol Si. In pure form, it is a brittle, hard solid with a blue-gray metallic luster. It is best known for its importance as a semiconductor. Fast Facts: Silicon Element Name: SiliconElement Symbol: SiAtomic Number: 14Appearance: Crystalline metallic solidGroup: Group 14 (Carbon Group)Period: Period 3Category: MetalloidDiscovery: Jà ¶ns Jacob Berzelius (1823) Silicon  Basic Facts Atomic Number: 14 Symbol: Si Atomic Weight: 28.0855 Discovery: Jons Jacob Berzelius 1824 (Sweden) Electron Configuration: [Ne]3s23p2 Word Origin: Latin: silicis, silex: flint Properties: The melting point of silicon is 1410 °C, boiling point is 2355 °C, specific gravity is 2.33 (25 °C), with a valence of 4. Crystalline silicon has a metallic grayish color. Silicon is relatively inert, but it is attacked by dilute alkali and by halogens. Silicon transmits over 95% of all infrared wavelengths (1.3-6.7 mm). Uses: Silicon is one of the most widely used elements. Silicon is important to plant and animal life. Diatoms extract silica from water to build their cell walls. Silica is found in plant ashes and in the human skeleton. Silicon is an important ingredient in steel. Silicon carbide is an important abrasive and is used in lasers to produce coherent light at 456.0 nm. Silicon doped with gallium, arsenic, boron, etc. is used to produce transistors, solar cells, rectifiers, and other important solid-state electronic devices. Silicone is a class of useful compounds made from silicon. Silicones range from liquids to hard solids and have many useful properties, including use as adhesives, sealants, and insulators. Sand and clay are used to make building materials. Silica is used to make glass, which has many useful mechanical, electrical, optical, and thermal properties. Sources: Silicon makes up 25.7% of the earths crust, by weight, making it the second most abundant element (exceeded by oxygen). Silicon is found in the sun and stars. It is a principal component of the class of meteorites known as aerolites. Silicon is also a component of tektites, a natural glass of uncertain origin. Silicon is not found free in nature. It commonly occurs as the oxide and silicates, including sand, quartz, amethyst, agate, flint, jasper, opal, and citrine. Silicate minerals include granite, hornblende, feldspar, mica, clay, and asbestos. Preparation: Silicon may be prepared by heating silica and carbon in an electric furnace, using carbon electrodes. Amorphous silicon may be prepared as a brown powder, which can then be melted or vaporized. The Czochralski process is used to produce single crystals of silicon for solid-state and semiconductor devices. Hyperpure silicon may be prepared by a vacuum float zone process and by thermal decompositions of ultra-pure trichlorosilane in an atmosphere of hydrogen. Element Classification: Semimetallic Isotopes: There are known isotopes of silicon ranging from Si-22 to Si-44. There are three stable isotopes: Al-28, Al-29, Al-30. Silicon Physical Data Density (g/cc): 2.33Melting Point (K): 1683Boiling Point (K): 2628Appearance: Amorphous form is brown powder; crystalline form has a grayAtomic Radius (pm): 132Atomic Volume (cc/mol): 12.1Covalent Radius (pm): 111Ionic Radius: 42 (4e) 271 (-4e)Specific Heat (20 °C J/g mol): 0.703Fusion Heat (kJ/mol): 50.6Evaporation Heat (kJ/mol): 383Debye Temperature (K): 625.00Pauling Negativity Number: 1.90First Ionizing Energy (kJ/mol): 786.0Oxidation States: 4, -4Lattice Structure: DiagonalLattice Constant (Ã…): 5.430CAS Registry Number: 7440-21-3 Pure silicon has a shiny, metallic luster. Martin Konopka / EyeEm, Getty Images Silicon Trivia Silicon is the eighth most abundant element in the universe.Silicon crystals for electronics must have a purity of one billion atoms for every non-silicon atom (99.9999999% pure).The most common form of silicon in the Earths crust is silicon dioxide in the form of sand or quartz.Silicon, like water, expands as it changes from liquid to solid.Silicon oxide crystals in the form of quartz are piezoelectric. The resonance frequency of quartz is used in many precision timepieces. Sources Cutter, Elizabeth G. (1978). Plant Anatomy. Part 1 Cells and Tissues (2nd ed.). London: Edward Arnold. ISBN 0-7131-2639-6.Greenwood, Norman N.; Earnshaw, Alan (1997). Chemistry of the Elements (2nd ed.). Butterworth-Heinemann. ISBN 0-08-037941-9.Voronkov, M. G. (2007). Silicon era. Russian Journal of Applied Chemistry. 80 (12): 2190. doi:10.1134/S1070427207120397Weast, Robert (1984). CRC, Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. Boca Raton, Florida: Chemical Rubber Company Publishing. pp. E110. ISBN 0-8493-0464-4.Zulehner, Werner; Neuer, Bernd; Rau, Gerhard, Silicon, Ullmanns Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, Weinheim: Wiley-VCH, doi:10.1002/14356007.a23_721

Chapter summaries 1 page each chapter Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Chapter summaries 1 page each chapter - Essay Example by scholars, it has not be written for scholars.1 The chapter seeks to inform a wider audience on how to go about interpreting the Old Testament and this chapter is especially set for students, pastors, and the general public regardless of their level of education. A correct understanding of any written or spoken information depends on the context. If such statements are taken out of the context, this deprives the information its true meaning, and leads to misinformation.2 The meaning of the passages depends on the context of the message and the paragraph. The meaning of such a passage would thus depend on the grammatical form of the word, and the role of the word or phrase in relation to the sentence. This is what amounts to an immediate context. The scripture is best understood by considering the literary form, which is a middle level context. In addition is the distant context that is also referred to as the theological context. The latter requires consideration of the canon of the scripture to understand. There is a need to consider the genre as a critical step in interpretation. The literary form of the Old Testament has been ignored by many, and this has led to lack of a holistic understanding of the context among the general audience. The bible in both the new and the Old Testament use different forms of communication, which include stories, music and homiletics. These forms of communication have to be analyzed according to their own genre. Owing to the overreliance of story forms in writing the Bible, the narrative becomes the ideal essence in Bible revelation, and this makes narratives to be the essential part for all bible interpreters.3 The literary forms becomes essential in understanding the Bible, as the Bible is entirely written in literary form. Therefore, the correct interpretation of narratives would largely depends on the appreciation of the plot as it entirely describe the beginning, the middle and the end of both the single and complex

Is Excessive Food Waste an Environmental Concern Essay

Is Excessive Food Waste an Environmental Concern - Essay Example This research will begin with the statement that according to a report by the U.S Environmental Protection Agency (APA), remarkably few citizens know that excessive food waste is an environmental hazard. Excessive food refers to wasteful practices by consumers and during production. Most people argue that since food is biodegradable, it does not pose a threat to the environment. However, a report published by EPA revealed that when food rots, it produces a greenhouse gas known as methane. Amazingly, methane is twenty times more damaging to the environment than carbon dioxide. On the other hand, the U.S Department of Agriculture (USDA) argues that if only five percent of Americans’ food scraps were recovered, it would be enough to feed four million people for a day. USDA reported that close to 26 million tons of wasted food get thrown away in garbage annually. In fact, in 2010, food approximated to 34 million tons went to waste. In addition, food waste formed the single largest component of municipal solid waste reaching incinerators and landfills. EPA notes that the U.S government spends close to one billion dollars just to dispose of all its wasted food. This is exceedingly astonishing. The excess money spent on the management of wasted food can be used to run vital government departments. Experts from the University of Arizona believe that the country’s environmental impact can be reduced by 25 percent if Americans can reduce their food wastage by a half. This appears to be true because the Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO) indicated on 10th January 2012 that one-third of the food produced for human consumption globally, goes to waste every year. FAO reported that consumers and retailers in the U.S waste close to 40 percent of edible food annually. The data from FAO is also astonishing and calls for immediate actions. From the data reported earlier, it is clear that excessive food waste is becoming a serious environmental hazard. Consider ing the report produced by FAO, the U.S is just a representative of many nations whose citizens waste tons of food annually. The most alarming bit is that methane, the gas produced from food rot, traps heat in the atmosphere 23 times more than the widely known carbon dioxide. Since global warming affects the whole earth, stakeholders should consider passing international regulations that regulate the quantity of wasted food a country produces, in order to curb methane overproduction.

Devise a Marketing Strategy to present to the Marketing Director Essay Example for Free

Devise a Marketing Strategy to present to the Marketing Director Essay In this case study, I have been given a number of roles and my task is to consider and provide appropriate answers in the relevant business context where you apply learning from my course of study so far and my own work experiences. Question 1 I am the supervisor in the marketing department and I believe that there is scope for gaining more sales in the standardised sector of the market because of quality differences between my product and those of larger competitors. Devise a Marketing Strategy to present to the Marketing Director designed to achieve this objective Corporate Objectives The Furniture Company, based in a small town in Lancashire, develops, manufactures and markets quality furniture. The firm has a very good reputation throughout the entire region for all its products. The Furniture Companys Supervisor of the Marketing Department is at present pursuing a strategy to grow its market share in the standardised section of the market because of quality differences between their product and those of larger companies. Marketing Audit Internal Product High quality standardised products targeted at C1/C2 segments. Considered to be higher quality than those of larger competitors. The firm has a very good reputation for quality products. Pricing -Currently sold to up market retail outlets and on all sales are there is a very high profit margin on a relatively low turnover. Prices are higher than for similar type products in the large retail outlets due to economies of scale in purchasing. Place Customers mainly consist C1/C2 for the standardised furniture. Potential customers visit the companys display showroom, fully manned by an accounts clerk, a salesperson, both of whom are full-time and two part-time salespersons at weekend. Promotion Very little advertising is done. Current advertising is mainly done via local press, and via direct mail all aimed locally. Advertising spend tends to be about 3% of revenue, with higher marketing spend within peak months. External Social Since consumer trends are always changing, as are several of the products. With the traditional furniture, trends have small effect on sales. Economic Figures to be confirmed. There is a spend of over à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½750,000 within East Lancashire in the furniture market. The predicted growth for next year is 2% due to current consumer spend (interest rate currently stands at XX, and inflation 2.6%). Competitive The Furniture Company faces many competitors, on its retail side are many, and on local scale there are approximately 10 similar sized companies, although, the firm has a very good reputation throughout the entire region for all its products. Customer Audit Standardised products are aimed at C1/C2 segments. The competitions products were viewed as inferior to those of The Furniture Company, due to highly skilled craftsmanship. SWOT Analysis Strengths * Availability, either via local showroom, situated just off motorway or via retail outlet * Access, Full showroom with manned staff * Established, very good reputation throughout the region * Established up market retail outlet supplier * Higher quality than those of larger competitors * Innovation, constantly designing new furniture for changing market Weaknesses * Prices are slightly higher than for similar type products Opportunities * Market Development * Selling to mid-market retail outlets Nationwide * Expanding product into Europe worldwide Threats * Prices are higher than for similar type products in the large retail outlets * Unable to keep up with supplier demand Marketing Objectives and Strategies Market Development Ansoffs Matrix is a well-known Marketing Tool for deciding upon strategies for growth. First published in the Harvard Business Review (1957) in an article called Strategies for Diversification (see below example). Market Penetration By marketing our existing products to our existing customers, thus increasing revenue, by promoting the product, repositioning the brand. The aim is to encourage people to switch from other furniture manufacturers. Market Development Marketing the product in a new market/target audience. By introducing the product into a new region and also exporting the product. Market Extension/Product Development Selling the existing standard furniture into new markets, nationwide and worldwide, as the product already has a strong marketing competence. Diversification Not required Example of The Ansoff Matrix Product Life Cycle (see diagram below) Launch/Introduction The product is introduced into new markets and heavily promoted to create awareness. High costs. Due to success in the current markets, risk is fairly low. Growth Higher volume of sales enables The Furniture Company to benefit from economies of scale. Products become more profitable as sales rise and costs fall. Advertising spend is still high and focuses on building upon a brand name, ready for the maturity and decline stage to introduce new furniture after the brand has been established. Maturity Sales grow at a decreasing rate and then stabilise. Brand awareness is crucial in continuing success. The company retains its share of the market by capturing sales from weaker rivals by ensuring consistently quality furniture. Decline At this point there is a downturn in the market for this particular product. Sales and profit decline. New products are introduced or consumer tastes have changed. Product can be removed from the market at this stage and replaced by new furniture or profits can be improved by reducing marketing spend and cost cutting. Elimination/Withdrawal (or extension) When faced with decline in sales, the company will need to decide whether the decline is Temporary, Terminal and Irreversible or Capable of being reversed by an adjustment in the marketing mix Extension To rejuvenate the product to prolong its life by changing the product, the brand, the way it is promoted or the distribution channel. Question 2 As supervisor in the marketing department one of my roles is to devise expansion strategies as question 1. I believe, however, that the high quality hand crafted furniture could sell to a national and ultimately international market especially if at some future point the U.K. joins the single currency. At present these products sell to a regional market and I have already put this idea to the Marketing Director and received a positive response to the extent that he wants you to do a presentation to the full board of Directors on this idea Devise a promotional campaign to be presented to the Board that would reach a national market for the higher quality products. Marketing is defined as the management process responsible for identifying, anticipating and satisfying the requirements of customer profitably. Product Introduce the standardised range and also high quality furniture into mid-market and up-market retail outlets nationwide. The standardised range is higher quality than those of competitors. The handcrafted furniture provides high quality furniture aimed at the higher end of the market. Price Cost for the standardised product is slightly higher than its competitors. This can stand being higher due being higher quality than the products of competitors. Place The standardised products and the high quality furniture both sell currently to larger retail outlets and also to individual order. Introduction of the furniture into a national market and also international market. Promotion Offer trials to nationwide retail outlets, both mid-market and up-market with the relevant products, with trial offers. Pay for advertising spend to promote the product within the area via local media, and also promote product and brand via in-store advertising and display stands. Brand awareness is very important at this stage. The Promotional Plan * Description of products available * A description of target audience * Identification of the price * Information on where the product will be sold * Methods to be used o Posters placed at locations in store and places frequented by your target audience o Press Release Informing of the product to be selling locally o Local Newspaper Advertising Advertising within locality using established media within the area promoting brand and product o Radio Advertising Informing of product and brand launch, aimed at prime time listening, selecting stations geared to 35+ and homeowner audience. Question 3 I am employed as the supervisor in the Personnel Department and am responsible for the overseeing of the day-to-day tasks of the department. I am currently studying for the Institute of Personnel Management qualification and have become more familiar with the concept of human resources. Present a paper to the Personnel director outlining the benefits of introducing a HRM approach to the management of people and in particular how this would improve both productivity and motivation. Motivation (Definition) a set of processes concerned with the force that energises behaviour and directs it towards attaining some goal. A strategic, coherent and comprehensive approach to the management and development of the organisations human resources in which every aspect of that approach is wholly integrated with the overall management of the organisation. HRM is essentially an ideology, quote M. Armstrong, taken from Handbook of Human Resource Management, Kogan Page, 1999. Human resources management activities relate to employees pay, welfare, conditions of employment and training. HRM is based on four principles * Employees must be seen as valued assets in which to invest. It is human capability and commitment, which, in the final analysis, distinguishes successful organisations from the rest, Storey. * HRM is of strategic importance and, therefore, needs to be considered by top management in the formulation of the corporate plan. * Commitment not compliance. The key levers (the development of human resources; evaluation of performance and the rewarding of it) are to be used to seek not merely compliance but commitment. In other words, employees should not be forced to work grudgingly, but by obtaining their wholehearted commitment * Strategic implications of HRM. HRM is therefore, seen to have long-term implications and be integral to the core performance of the business. It must be the intimate concern of the line managers. Line managers have the responsibility of managing their staff. The role of personnel function is to enable the line managers to fulfil their HRM responsibilities effectively. Soft and Hard Approach to HRM The soft approach can be closer than the traditional personnel approach. Soft HRM is an integrated strategic function that is concerned with nurturing people because they are human beings whose feelings should be considered and, developing this valuable resource is the best way to achieve results. The Hard approach is based on the belief that human resources are the key assets, with emphasis placed on * Getting more out of people * Using them in a more productive way The aims of HRM are the same whether hard or soft and as follows * Enable management to achieve organisational objectives via its workforce * Enable people to utilise their full potential * Foster commitment * Integrate human resources policies with business plans * Establish an environment to unleash the creativity and energy of the workforce * Encourage flexibility in the interests of an organisation that is able to adapt to the environment and achieve excellence The main areas of management activity associated with the HRM philosophy * Organisation, design and effectiveness especially in relation to teamwork, communications, customer service and change management * Resources providing human resources required by means of recruitment, retention and training programmes. * Performance management improving performance by means of appraisal * Reward management for example, linking pay to performance * Motivation redesigning jobs and devising rewards to motivate employees * Commitment The integration of the needs of the individual with those of the organisation * Employee Relations Policies and procedures to encourage cooperation to the mutual benefit to all * Flexibility by means of mulitskilling redesigning jobs and new patterns of work * Quality as a way of life * Culture management influencing behaviour and thereby attitudes by means of resourcing, performance management and reward strategies Leadership and Motivation In the HRM school, Leadership should be democratic rather than authoritarian, managers should consult employees on matters that affect them, important in gaining respect of both the manager and the company, motivation rewards of social and psychological, not just financial. Motivation is defined as in influence that cases people (employees) to want to behave in a certain way, and combined with ability can result in performance. The motivated worker will be keen to work, take pride in their work, will not display negative attitude towards the company, display high level of commitment and get satisfaction out of work, benefiting the organisation with higher productivity levels, lower labour turnover, lower absenteeism, improve quality with less waste, greater willingness to accept change, willingness to contribute ideas and take on additional responsibility, allowing the company to overall reap the benefits of even greater financial gain. In production department, for example, possible financial reward could be brought into place looking at Hertzbergs Hygiene factors of Pay and Benefits, Working Conditions, Company Policy, Status, Job Security, Supervision, Office and Personal Lift all set to motivate Achievement, Recognition, Job Interest, Responsibility and ultimately Advancement. HRM could look at setting up motivating factors with the sales department by setting targets based on achieving sales to new retailers nationwide with additional financial gain based on and over achieving rewards. The key concepts to adapting a HRM approach to the company would provide the following Competition advantage Aspects of the company that give it an advantage over its rivals Human Resource Management A strategic, coherent and comprehensive approach to the management and development of the companys human resources Personnel Management Management/administration of recruitment, welfare and training of the employees McGregors Theory x and Y (1960) McGregors Theory X and Y (1960) about managerial behaviour had a profound effect on management thinking and practice. His Theory Y principles featured in management training courses for a decade or more. They influenced the design and implementation of personnel policies and practices. The legacy today permeates the axioms of participative and total quality management and the continued practice of staff appraisal. McGregor defined assumptions that he felt underpinned the practices and stances of managers in relation to employees. These were evident from their conversations and actions. Two sets of propositions were dubbed Theory X and Y. He was saying that what managers said or showed in their behaviour revealed their theories-in-use. Their predisposition led managers to pursue particular kinds of policies and relationships with employees. McGregors Theory Y was interpreted and promoted as a one-best-way, i.e. Y is the best. Managers or aspects of their behaviour became labelled as Theory X, the bad stereotype and Theory Y the good. McGregor ideas were much informed by Maslows need satisfaction model of motivation. Needs provide the driving force motivating behaviour and general orientation. Maslows ideas suggested that worker dissatisfaction with work was due to poor job design, managerial behaviour and too few opportunities for job satisfaction. On the basis of these ideas about drives Maslow suggested a classification of needs related to the development of the person lower level needs giving way developmentally to higher order needs. Thus a hierarchy is suggested although not claimed by Maslow. Example of Maslows Hieratchy Benefits If we introduced a HRM approach to the company ultimately employees at all levels will feel motivated and productive as quoted by carrot stick philosophy acceptance, and produce the most productivity. Employees will feel more worthy with a much easier line of communication with everyone feeling a valuable part of the organisation. The company needs to introduce a leadership mentality rather than management leadership and nurturer a new leadership approach. At present the organisations communications systems are mostly paper and telephone based Present a discussion document to the Personnel director explaining the concept of this electronic office, including explanation of the relevant technologies and their potential benefits You should also point out any potential drawbacks from this innovation and conclude with an evaluation of whether the benefits outweigh the drawbacks or vice versa While predictions of the paperless office have yet to be fully realised, modern business now relies on a vast array of electronic equipment to function efficiently and effectively. The concept of a paperless office is to ensure productivity improvement and to use time more efficiently. At present most of the organisations communications are paper and telephone based. Initially, by utilising e-mail (electronic mail, which is the main use of the internet) the following advantages are gained by replacing paper telephone communication * Speed of movement and data * Paperless office * Accessible via any modem line * Delivery is faster than snail mail (post, especially useful when dealing overseas) * It overcomes the problems of timezones. The recipient does not have to be there to receive it * Like fax, it is possible to send messages to more than one person * E-mail addresses are portable * It enables users to exchange information with people * The cost is not dependent on the distance travelled * It is cheaper than fax or telephone * Cuts out general chat on the telephone * Less formal than a letter * The message will remain in the recipients e-mail account until it is collected * Can be sent with document or picture attachment * E-mails can be stored until recipient discards information Installing computerised systems with each department will also benefit from enabling all staff to access shared data from different departments computerised filing systems, e.g. access into word documents, spread sheets and other programme files. With transportable laptops, the office can be taken anywhere and even used worldwide, to assist in presentations and retrieving documents on a more global scale. Document Management System Another new form of the Electronic Office is the Document Management System offering solutions from the standalone scanner to a whole enterprise solution. E-Business solution companies analyse and advise on new business solutions. The Document Management System is a small step in the way forward for the paperless office, the benefits of incorporating the system is * Reduce office staff non-productivity rapidly locating folders and documents * Retain corporate knowledge and know where it is * Access paper documents within your business application * Scan your cabinets full of documents to secure them in case of Fire, Flood, Burglary or damage * Enable multiple people access to the same document or folder * Safely secure your documents for archival * Reduce boxes of stored paper * Automatically recognise forms and characters on incoming documents and locate them based on their content * Fax and receive documents directly from your desktop * Establish document privacy Electronic Office Manager It is a Human Resources and Process Management System that focuses on the internal operations of your business. The EOM provides businesses with a computerised Office Manager, with everything defined as a procedure, checklist or form. Job Descriptions become daily to do lists. To help manage time with automated reminders covering everything from training events to holiday management. EOM also provides Electronic Human Resource and Training Departments with employee files, applicant databases, and pre-written and editable employee handbooks and job descriptions. It also includes a system for creating and scheduling training. EOM even helps with financial forecasting and business planning features and point-to-point web navigation and link management. Operative Procedures, HRM, Business Development, Scheduling and Education Training are all available via EOM programme. Electronic Drawbacks Training and monitoring of training will be required at each stage to ensure competence and understanding of new system. With regular meetings required, and management of the change in system. Staff may be dissatisfied with the paperless office, and reluctant to the change. System failure. Without the adequate after support service and/or training there could be potential problems with system errors, which may result in non-productivity if staff rely on PCs when there is a breakdown. A recent example pf a paperless office is one department of Glasgow Borough Council, who recently had a computerised system developed solely for the use. Originally, each site manager called into an office each morning to collect information on various sites requiring repair assessment visits (approx 20 throughout the day) followed by a visiting to each site and manual completion of an in-depth form, and followed by manually inputting information on the computer for someone else then to call out to complete the repair work. The Borough Council have now developed a computerised system to enable them to receive the site information via electronic organiser, input the repair requirements, and return information upon completion for repairs to be carried out. Not only did this save much time on paperwork, but also time is more effectively managed by receiving full details of jobs throughout the day, which may be in areas the site manager is already working in. BIBLIOGRAPHY Jewell Bruce R, An Integrated Approach to Business Studies, Longman, [2000] ISBN 0582 40542 4 Ansoffs Matrix, www.marketingteacher.com/lessons/lesson_ansoff.html [accessed 31/05/02] How do I market My Inventions, http://www.montanaedu/wwwcxai [accessed 20/05/02] The Electronic Office, www.walters.co.uk/brochure/elecoffice1.htm [accessed 06/06/02] Imaging and Document Management Solutions, www.cabinetng.net/paperlessoffice.htm [accessed 05/06/02]

Hitlers Foreign Policy :: essays research papers fc

Assignment: Give an account of Hitler’s foreign policy, using the following headings: (A) Defiance of the Versailles Treaty (B) Relations with Italy (C) Territorial Expansion Defiance of the Versailles Treaty After the First World War, Germany signed a peace treaty with France and Britain. Among the 440 Articles were: * Germany lost Posen, the Polish Corridor and part of Upper Silesia to Poland. * Germany lost the Sudetenland to Czechoslovakia * Germany lost Eupen and Malmedy to Belgium * Germany lost North Schleswig to Denmark * Germany lost Alsace Lorraine to France * Germany lost all its overseas colonies * Saarland was under LN control and after 15 years the people could vote if they wanted to belong to Germany or France * The Rhineland was to be demilitarised * The army was reduced to 100,000 * Germany could have no submarines, no airforce and no heavy artillery * Germany had to pay major Reparations. In percentages: Germany lost 10% of its land, 100% of its colonies, 12.5% of its population 16% of its coal fields and 50% of its iron and steel industry. The main terms of the Versailles treaty Hitler (like most Germans) hated the Versailles Treaty and he didn’t want to follow the rules made by it. In fact, step by step he broke the laws. The first step he took was to increase the German army. Germany was only allowed to have an army of 100,000 men, no airforce, no tanks and no submarines. But in an interview with the Daily Mail on March 9, 1935, Goering revealed that there was a German airforce. One weak later Germany also announced that it had an army of 500,000 men. France and England didn’t even object to this. In 1936 Germany signed a treaty with England saying that Germany was allowed a navy one third the size of the British navy. Germany was rearming fast. It wasn’t hard thanks to the good economic growth. But the rearmament was so expensive that in 1936 it was clear that Germany was soon to go into an economic crisis if nothing was done. There wasn’t a better time to test the Versailles Treaty because the international situation was very fortunate to Hitler. Italy’s invasion of Ethiopia proved that the League of Nation (LN) was worthless. It also focussed Anglo-French diplomacy on Italy. After some years, Italy became weak because of the economic sanctions from Britain and France and the public opinion in France and Britain was still very anti-war.

Discussion on public magnet and charter schools

Nowadays an instruction is non a privilege for affluent people merely as it was some decennaries ago and in in-between ages. Every kid and every individual has an chance to have a certain degree of instruction for free. Many types of school are available today. Let us discourse three of them – public school, magnet school and charter school. What are differences between them? Public Schools To specify differences between the types of schools is impossible without the clear apprehension of the chief thought of every school. First of all, allow us analyze what is public school. It could be assorted types of educational establishments depending on the state. Largely, public schools is an educational establishment that is funded and run by the authorities ( normally it is funded through the revenue enhancements ) . Nevertheless, some public schools are run by different organisations and they are independent from the authorities ; we can see them private establishments. We can see that public schools are a consequence of the thought that authorities of a state has a duty for the degree of instruction of its citizens. Most of public schools charge a little stuff fee and they are free to go to. There are many assorted schooling theoretical accounts changing from state to state. Nevertheless, the most popular theoretical account of public instruction attentions about kids throu ghout childhood and in to the late teens. Some states besides provide an chance to acquire higher instruction for free. This chance is for those pupils who are citizens of a state. Besides some states provide a sort of partially authorities subsidise university plans. Talking about the United States, we can see that the authorities of the state operates figure of province colleges, although pupils are expected to pay different fee ( for illustration, tuition one ) . On the other manus, there are some fiscal assistance plans and authorities loan available for the citizens of the United States. In other states, like the United Kingdom, public schools are largely in private funded and bear down a high tuition fees ; these schools set a high admittance criterions. In such types of public schools tuition includes board and room. Most of the pupils live at the school during a term. These types of public schools have an impressive academic history and besides a long permanent tradition of household attending through over a coevals. In those states where public instruction is required and common, schooling is compulsory to a certain grade degree or age. If a individual wants to go a public school instructor, the certain grade from an commissioned university is required and good public standing every bit good. Government is maintaining checks on the public instruction system with the aid of system broad standardised trials. These trials are a sort of indicant of the degree of some basic accomplishments like simple mathematics and literacy. To sum up the thought of public school, allow us underscore the chief characteristics of it. This type of instruction includes kindergarten to 12-th class ( K – 12 ) ; besides public school refer to primary and secondary instruction ( besides it refers to the station secondary every bit good and advanced instruction, like for illustration proficient schools, university and colleges that are overseen and funded by authorities alternatively of private entities ) . State public instruction is inclusive in the intervention of pupils. Often it is operated and organized to became a calculated theoretical account of that civil community in which it s traveling to map. It could be provided to a group of pupils in a schoolroom in a cardinal school and it may be provided in – place as good ( it employs oversing instructor or sing instructors ) . State public instruction could be besides provided as shopping mall infinite ( non – school and non – place scenes ) . The chief characteristic of the province public instruction is that it is available to all people. Largely, it is mandatory for kids up to a certain age to go to a province public school ; nevertheless, the option of go toing a private school is unfastened for many people every bit good. In instance that a child attends private public school, such type of schools by and large defray its costs ( by bear downing parents tuition fee ) and operates independently of the province ( Suitts, 2008 ) . As we mentioned above, province public schools are funded by revenue enhancements largely. It means that en those people who are non go toing schools ( or their kids and their dependants are non go toing province public school ) aid to guarantee that citizens of a province are educated plenty. It is of import to advert that the term â€Å" public instruction † is non a equivalent word for the term â€Å" publically funded instruction † when it is applied to province schools. What does it means? For illustration, authorities could do a public policy determination to hold certain fiscal resources that are distributed in support ( or/and it could make up one's mind to hold some control over ) the proviso of private instruction. Voucher system and grants – in – assistance of the private schools give an illustration of publically funded private instruction. On the other manus, a province school ( including that schools that are run by a school territory ) could to a great extent trust on private support ( like private contributions or high fees ) ; this school would still be considered a province public school by virtuousness of governmental control and ownership. Normally, the province public instruction includes at that place following points: Standards and proving that are provided by authorities ; Compulsory pupils ‘ attending until a certain criterion of accomplishment or until the certain age ; Certification of course of study and instructors ; the enfranchisement could be provided by either instructors ‘ organisation or by authorities. In some states churches or private associations could run a school harmonizing to their principals ; they are free to make it until they comply with a certain demands of a province. In instance if the particular demands are non in understanding, a school receives a province support ( the particular demands could run into for illustration in the country of the school course of study ) . Then a school could be treated for accreditation intent and financially as a portion of the province public educational system, nevertheless they make a determination about school policy and hiring ( for illustration, non engaging atheists ) which authorities could non take itself. Many specializers assert the province public instruction to be necessary because it is demand of those people who are capable of making basic mathematics, composing and reading in the modern society. Some other people like libertarians, Teach that instruction is better to go forth for private sector. There is another group of people that are remaining for the alternate signifiers of instruction, like non – schooling. They argue that the same cognition and accomplishment is possible to accomplish without subjective pupils to province – tally compulsory schooling. How the province public schools are organized? As we mentioned earlier, they are provided by local authorities ; instruction, support and course of study and other policies as good are set through school boards that are locally elected by legal power over school territories. What are school territories? They are particular – purpose territories that are authorized by a proviso of province jurisprudence. In other words, province authorities has a right ( and utilize the right ) to supply a minimal criterions relation to all chief activities of secondary and primary schools and authorise and fund to ordain local school revenue enhancements every bit good to back up the province public schools ( this support is provided chiefly through existent belongings revenue enhancements ) . The federal authorities could financess material AIDSs to school and provinces that meet minimal federal criterions. Decisions about the school accreditation are made by voluntary regional associations. Ordinary, a province public school is divided in to a three phases: Elementary school ( kindergarten to fifth or sixth class ) ; In-between school ( junior high or â€Å" intermediate † school ) ; High school ( 9th or twelfths classs ) . In the in-between school is largely common the undermentioned format: the simple school contains the kindergarten through the 6th class, the in-between school contains seventh through 8th classs. Furthermore, some simple schools could be divided in to two more degrees: Primary school ( frequently it is K -2 ) ; Intermediate. Frequently these two schools are based in the separate edifices. One more emerging popular construct is the K – 8th format. In this format pupils could go to two schools merely for all their K – 12 instruction. In the K – 8 format all primary classs are houses that are situated in one subdivision of a school ( this state of affairs is more common for charter schools ) ; however, traditionally junior high school aged students are based in another subdivision of a school. Presently, some really little schools territories ( normally in rural countries ) sill maintain a K – 12 system harmonizing to which all students are housed in a individual school. In the United States, different establishments f the higher instruction that are subsidized and operated by the American province authorities is besides considered to be â€Å" public † . Nevertheless, public universities charge tuition ( unlike the public secondary school ) ; nevertheless these fees are normally much cheaper that the same fees that are charged by the private universities, for â€Å" in – province † pupils peculiarly. State universities, community colleges, and province colleges are the illustrations of public establishment of the higher instruction. The figure of the province universities is considered to be the best establishments of the higher instruction in the United States. However, they are frequently surpassed by some private colleges and universities in ranking. Among these private constitutions are those that are highly selective in the pupils they are accepting and they are expensive as good. The advantage of the public schools is obvious ( in principal, if non in pattern ever ) . In a state where the population is educated the degree of different accomplishments in the work force is meant to be increased and better public argument. Educated citizens are expected to be more likely to do thought out determinations and see the hereafter of their state. Charter Schools Now allow us research the charter schools and in which manner they are different from the province public schools. In the United States charter schools are secondary or chiefly schools that receive public money, furthermore, the can have private contributions like other schools ) . They are non a topic of some regulations, legislative acts and ordinances and this is the chief differences from the province public schools. Alternatively of it the charter schools have some types of answerability for the bring forthing of the certain consequences. The consequences are set Forth in every school ‘s charter. This type of schools is unfastened and could be attended by pick. Normally, charter schools are alternate to other public schools, however, they are besides portion of the public educational system ; charter schools are non allowed to bear down tuition. In that charter schools where the registration is over subscribed, the admittance is often allocated by the admittance that is lo ttery based. Some charter schools suggest a sort of the course of study that is specialized in a one certain field ( for illustration, the course of study could be specialized in mathematics, humanistic disciplines or linguistic communications, etc. ) it is one of the efforts to supply more efficient and better general instruction than nearby public schools. It is one more difference between public schools and charter schools. The following distinctive feature of charter schools is following: some of them are founded by parents, instructors or other militants who are restricted by the traditional public educational system. There are besides province – authorised charters that are frequently established by universities, non – net income groups and some authorities entities ( schools are non charged by local school territories ) . Furthermore, sometimes school territories permit corporations to pull off ironss of charter schools. Charter schools themselves are non – net income yet ; in this manner public schools could be managed by a for – net income corporation. It is non altering the position of a school. Talking about the construction and character of charter schools, we can advert that there are two chief principals that are steering the type of schools: Charter schools operate as independent public schools declining from figure of the procedural demands of the territory populace schools. It does non intend nevertheless that a school could be exempt from the same educational criterions that are set by the territory or authorities. The liberty could be necessary for making a certain school civilization ; the civilization should maximise pupils ‘ motives by stressing subject, academic asperity, relationships with caring grownups and high outlooks. Confirming pupils require the liberty to make a good balanced school civilization to fulfill the demands of the pupils. Particularly it is of import for those minority pupils in urban school territories, where the public presentation is affected by some societal phenomena stereotype menace, non – dominant cultural capital, â€Å" moving white † , and â€Å" a codification of a street † . The charter schools are accountable for the accomplishments of their pupils. The construction and regulations of the charter schools is differ from province to province and depend on the province authorizing. Any charter school once it received a charter, a public presentation contract that is defined statutory and inside informations the school ‘s mission, ends, plans, ways of step success, pupils served and methods of appraisal, is authorized to map. Most of the charter schools are granted for three to five old ages, however, the length of clip for every of charters are granted varies. This type of schools is accountably held to their patron ( province educational bureau, a local school board, university or other entity ) . It helps to adhere to the charter contract and to bring forth the positive academic consequences. It is obvious that the answerability is one of the gratings statements for the charter schools ; on the other manus, here is some grounds that is gathered by the United States Department of Education. This grounds claims that charter schools are practically non held to the high criterions of answerability in comparison with the traditional public schools. This statement could be refuted with the aid of analyzing the figure of those traditional public schools which were closed because of the hapless public presentation of their pupils on the trials at the terminal of a class or stop – of – class trials. Normally this sort of schools is allowed to remain unfastened on the status of the restructuring and new leading ( or frequently with no alterations at all ) . The advocates of the charter schools are asseverating that the schools do non hold an chance to frequently restructure ; they are merely closed down if their pupils show a hapless public presentation on the apprais als. The United States Department of Education ‘s findings agrees with the statements of NEA ( National Educational Association ) , although their inability to keep some other of import factors, the restrictions of different surveies does non give us an chance to be certain if the traditional public schools are better than charter schools or non. We can merely specify all those differences that we already mentioned above. Magnet Schools The last type of schools that we are traveling to analyze is magnet school. It is a public school that has a specialised course of study or class. The term â€Å" magnet † refers to the manner of how the schools draw pupils from across the common boundaries that are defined by governments ( school boards ) as the school zones that feed into some certain schools. We can run into magnet schools at the in-between school degree, simple school degree and at the high school degree every bit good. In the conditions of the decentralized instruction, some magnet schools are established by the school territory ; they are draw from the territory merely. Other magnet schools are set up by province authorities ; they could be draw from the multiply territories. There are besides some magnet plans within comprehensive schools ( several schools within one school ) . The bulk of the magnet schools are academically selective. There are two types of the magnet schools that are built on a base of the elect sporting plans and on the agricultural concern ( like animate being genteelness and agriculture ) . Some magnet schools provide the competitory entryway procedure ; they require interview, hearing or the entryway scrutiny. Other magnet schools use the lottery system or accept all pupils who apply ; besides they could unite some elements of lottery and competitory entryway. Most of the schools are concentrating on a peculiar country of the survey or on the certain subject ; other could hold a more general focal point. The focal point could be made on faculty members ( technology, mathematics, natural scientific discipline, societal scientific disciplines, and humanistic disciplines, executing of all right humanistic disciplines ) or they may concentrate on the vocational, agricultural, proficient instruction. Decision Here are some chief types of schools that are common in the state. Sum uping the differences between the public school, the magnet school and the charter school we can reason that they are about the support and authorising largely. Public schools are normally focused on a pretty broad country of surveies while magnetic and charter schools are seeking to hold a narrow focal point. However, we appreciate the broad pick of educational constitutions that are assisting our citizens to be good educated and to acquire more accomplishments and cognition.